The Supernatural in the New Testament, Possible, Credible, and Historical Or, An Examination of the Validity of Some Recent Objections Against Christianity as a Divine — Reading Notes

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In Category - Theology
Row, C. A. (Charles Adolphus), 1816-1896 Project Gutenberg 2014 Not confirmed
Revelation; Miracles; Bible. New Testament -- Evidences, authority, etc.; Supernatural in the Bible Readers of public-domain and historical texts
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Words 162,790
Reading time 708 min
Text sections 22

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Row examines objections to New Testament miracles, arguing that supernatural events are possible, credible, and historical. He analyzes possession, the uniqueness of Jesus' moral miracles, and the internal consistency of Gospel accounts, engaging with contemporary skeptical arguments.
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troduction. The Position of the Controversy Between the Opponents and the Defenders of Christianity. Chapter II. Definitions of Terms. Chapter III. The Supernatural Elements Contained in the New Testament: In What Do They Consist? And What View Do Its Writers Take Respecting Them? Chapter IV. Miracles, What Do They Prove? Chapter V. The Antecedent Improbability of Miracles.—The Unknown and Unknowable God. Chapter VI. The Objection That Miracles Are Contrary To Reason Considered. Chapter VII. The Allegation That No Testimony Can Prove The Truth Of A Supernatural Event. Chapter VIII. The Objection That The Defenders Of Christianity Assume Certain Facts The Truth Of Which Can Only Be Known By Revelation, And Then Reason From Those Facts To The Truth Of The Bible, Considered. Chapter IX. Demoniacal Miracles—General Considerations. Chapter X. The Existence And Miracles Of Satan. Chapter XI. Possession: Is The Theory That It Was Madness Subversive Of The Historical Value Of The Gospels Or Inconsistent With The Veracity Of Christ? Chapter XII. Possession, If An Objective Reality, Neither Incredible Nor Contrary To The Ascertained Truths Of Mental Science. Chapter XIII. The Alleged Credulity Of The Followers Of Jesus. Chapter XIV. The Love Of The Marvellous—Its Bearing On The Value Of Testimony To Miracles. Chapter XV. Our Summary Rejection Of Current Supernaturalism Considered In Its Bearing On The Evidence For Miracles. Chapter XVI. General Objections To Miracles As Credentials Of A Revelation. Chapter XVII. The Historical Evidence On Which The Great Facts Of Christianity Rest—General Considerations. Chapter XVIII. The Testimony Of The Church, And Of St. Paul’s Epistles, To The Facts Of Primitive Christianity. Their Historical Value Considered. Chapter XIX. The Evidence Furnished By The Epistles To The Facts Of Our Lord’s Life, And To The Truth Of The Resurrection. Chapter XX. The Resurrection Of Jesus Christ An Historical Fact. Chapter XXI. The Historical Value Of The Gospels As Deduced From Previous Considerations. Chapter XXII. The Historical Character Of The Gospels As Deduced From Their Internal Structure. Footnotes

[Transcriber’s Note: The above cover image was produced by the submitter at Distributed Proofreaders, and is being placed into the public domain.]

To The Committee Of The Christian Evidence Society.

My Lords and Gentlemen,

Having undertaken to compose this work at your request, I beg permission to dedicate it to you. In doing so I feel that it is a duty which I owe both to you and to myself that I should state the position which we respectively occupy with regard to it. Your responsibility is confined to having requested me to compose a work in refutation of certain principles now widely disseminated, which impugn the supernatural elements contained in the New Testament. For the contents of the work and for the mode of treatment I alone am responsible. When I considered the position of the present controversy, I felt that it was impossible to treat the subject satisfactorily except on the principle that the responsibility for the mode of conducting the argument and of answering the objections should rest with the writer alone. In dealing with a subject so complicated, involving as it does questions of philosophy and science as well as the principles of historical criticism, I can scarcely venture to hope that every position which I have taken will prove acceptable to all the various shades of theological thought. I have endeavoured to take such as seemed to me to be logically defensible without any reference to particular schools of theological opinion. As the entire question is essentially historical, I have done my utmost to exclude from it all discussions that are strictly theological. Modern unbelief however puts in two objections which if valid render all historical evidence in proof of the occurrence of miracles nugatory, namely that they are both impossible and incredible. In meeting these I have been compelled to appeal to what appear to me to be the principles of a sound philosophy. In all other respects I have viewed the question before me as exclusively one of historical evidence.

Row's 1875 work is a sustained, chapter-by-chapter rebuttal of objections to the supernatural elements in the New Testament, particularly miracles and the resurrection. Rather than a general defense, the book drills into specific philosophical and historical challenges, such as the claim that no testimony can prove a supernatural event. Row's method is to meet skeptics on their own ground, arguing from the internal structure of the Gospels and the consistency of Jesus' actions.

The excerpt reveals a key argument: Jesus never performs a miracle on the human mind, only on bodies and nature. Row treats this as evidence that the Gospel writers were not inventing marvels indiscriminately. This observation anchors his broader case that the New Testament's supernatural claims are coherent with its moral and spiritual framework.

Miracles and the Moral Universe

Row draws a sharp distinction between Jesus' physical miracles and his handling of moral and spiritual conditions. He notes that the Evangelists record no miracle wrought on the human mind, even though Jesus encountered every form of moral weakness. Physical diseases are cured instantaneously; moral ones are addressed slowly and with effort. Row argues this pattern shows Jesus acting in conformity with the laws of the moral universe. He poses a pointed question: if the Gospels were fictions, why would the Great Physician of Souls never be shown performing a sudden moral cure? The consistency of this restraint, Row contends, supports the historical reliability of the accounts.

Possession: Mania or Objective Reality?

Row devotes multiple chapters to demoniacal possession, weighing two competing explanations: that possession was simple mania, or that it was an actual objective fact involving demonic agency. He argues that on either supposition, the Gospel narratives remain coherent. If possession was mania, Jesus' use of moral and spiritual means—rather than mere exorcism—is entirely appropriate. If it was objective demonic control, the same moral approach fits. Row concludes that the facts as recorded are not inconsistent with either view, and that neither undermines the historical value of the Gospels or the truthfulness of Jesus. He promises to examine the objective-fact hypothesis in the next chapter.

The Structure of Row's Argument

The book's table of contents reveals a methodical progression: from definitions and the nature of the supernatural, through objections to miracles (improbability, contradiction to reason, insufficiency of testimony), to specific topics like demoniacal miracles and the resurrection. Row engages with contemporary skeptical positions, such as the claim that defenders of Christianity assume facts that can only be known by revelation. The final chapters focus on historical evidence, including the testimony of the early church and Paul's epistles, and the internal structure of the Gospels. The excerpt shows Row's style: careful, logical, and responsive to specific objections rather than offering a general apology.

Readers approaching Row's text should note that it is a work of philosophical and historical apologetics, not a devotional or exegetical commentary. The book assumes familiarity with the New Testament text and with 19th-century skeptical arguments. Row's value lies in his close attention to the details of Gospel narratives and his willingness to test both skeptical and orthodox positions against the evidence he selects. The excerpts give a fair sample of his method: precise, measured, and focused on the coherence of the biblical accounts.

Row’s patient defense of miracles reminds me of the old shelves where doubt whispers beside wonder. There is a quiet kinship between his careful logic and Bible Romances, First Series — Background and Themes, where the same stories are handled like well-worn velvet—each crease holding a different light, neither book shouting, both simply keeping vigil over what cannot be proven yet refuses to fade.

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    Tammie Scott - 1 month ago
    The book reads like a tedious academic paper, with overly dense prose and a dismissive tone towards opposing views. The author spends too much time on straw-man arguments and not enough on engaging with the strongest contemporary critics. The lack of a balanced approach undermines its credibility. I found it unconvincing and difficult to finish.

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    Brian Reyes - 4 weeks ago
    A rigorous examination of the supernatural in the New Testament. The author's handling of the historical context is commendable, and the book is well-researched. However, the style is quite academic, which might be heavy for the average reader. Additionally, some arguments rely on theological assumptions that not all readers will share. Still, it's a valuable contribution to the debate.

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    Megan Steele - 4 weeks ago
    This is a scholarly and compelling defense of Christianity's supernatural claims. The author meticulously examines the historical evidence and responds to modern objections with logical precision. The depth of research is impressive, and the arguments are presented clearly. Even skeptics will find this a stimulating read. A must-have for apologetics enthusiasts.


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